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As the Artemis II astronauts set a new record for being the farthest humans from Earth during a lunar flyby, Canadian Jeremy Hansen said they hoped others would soon go even farther.
The six-hour flyby is the highlight of NASA’s first return to the moon since the Apollo era, with three Americans and one Canadian — a step toward landing boot prints near the moon’s south pole in just two years.
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“It is blowing my mind what you can see with the naked eye from the moon right now. It is just unbelievable,” Hansen radioed ahead of the flyby.
“We most importantly choose this moment to challenge this generation and the next to make sure this record is not long-lived.”
Less than an hour before kicking off the fly-around and lunar observations, the four astronauts surpassed the distance record of 400,171 kilometres set by Apollo 13 in April 1970.
They kept going, hurtling ever farther from Earth. Before it was all over, Mission Control expected Artemis II to beat the old record by more than 6,600 km.
During the flyby, the astronauts, in teams of two, are scheduled to take turns looking out the window of their space capsule — named Integrity — while photographing and taking notes of the moon. While one team photographs and takes notes, the other two astronauts are on a livestream describing to the world what can be seen from the spacecraft.
Hansen and commander Reid Wiseman were the first pair to capture images of the Moon’s surface — including areas never before seen by human eyes in sunlight. Pilot Victor Glover told the livestream, hosted by NASA in Houston, that Hansen and Wiseman noted that the more they looked at the moon, the browner is appeared.
To improve visibility, the crew dimmed the cabin lights to reduce reflections inside the spacecraft.
The astronauts woke up to the voice of Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell, who recorded the message just two months before his death last August.
“Welcome to my old neighbourhood,” said Lovell, who also flew on Apollo 8, humanity’s first lunar visit. “It’s a historic day and I know how busy you’ll be, but don’t forget to enjoy the view.”
They took up with them the Apollo 8 silk patch that accompanied Lovell to the moon, and showed it off as the crucial flyby approached.
“It’s just a real honour to have that on board with us,” said Wiseman. “Let’s go have a great day.”
Artemis II is using the same manoeuvre that Apollo 13 did after its “Houston, we’ve had a problem” oxygen tank explosion wiped out any hope of a moon landing.
Known as a free-return lunar trajectory, this no-stopping-to-land route takes advantage of Earth and the moon’s gravity, reducing the need for fuel. It’s a celestial figure-eight that will put the astronauts on course for home, once they emerge from behind the moon Monday evening.
Hansen, Wiseman, Glover, and Christina Koch were on track to pass as close as 6,550 km to the moon, as their Orion capsule whips past it, hangs a U-turn and then heads back toward Earth. It will take them four days to get back, with a splashdown in the Pacific concluding their test flight on Friday.
Their expected speed at closest approach to the moon: 5,052 kilometres per hour.
Wiseman and his crew spent years studying lunar geography to prepare for the big event, adding solar eclipses to their repertoire during the past few weeks. By launching last Wednesday, they ensured themselves of a total solar eclipse from their vantage point behind the moon, courtesy of the cosmos.
Topping their science target list: Orientale Basin, a sprawling impact basin with three concentric rings, the outermost of which stretches nearly 950 km across.
Other sightseeing goals: the Apollo 12 and 14 landing sites from 1969 and 1971, respectively, as well as fringes of the south polar region, the preferred locale for future touchdowns.
Farther afield, Mercury, Venus, Mars and Saturn — not to mention Earth — will be visible.
Their moon mentor, NASA geologist Kelsey Young, expects thousands of pictures.
“People all over the world connect with the moon. This is something that every single person on this planet can understand and connect with,” she said on the eve of the flyby, wearing eclipse earrings.
Artemis II is NASA’s first astronaut moon mission since Apollo 17 in 1972. It sets the stage for next year’s Artemis III, which will see another Orion crew practice docking with lunar landers in orbit around Earth. The culminating moon landing by two astronauts near the moon’s south pole will follow on Artemis IV in 2028.
While Artemis II may be taking Apollo 13’s path, it’s most reminiscent of Apollo 8 and humanity’s first lunar visitors who orbited the moon on Christmas Eve 1968 and read from the Book of Genesis.
Glover said flying to the moon during Christianity’s Holy Week brought home for him “the beauty of creation.” Earth is an oasis amid “a whole bunch of nothing, this thing we call the universe” where humanity exists as one, he observed over the weekend.
“This is an opportunity for us to remember where we are, who we are, and that we are the same thing and that we’ve got to get through this together,” Glover said, clasping hands with his crewmates.
— with files from The Associated Press
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